Abstract Through the costing based on time spent per activity and cost allocation, time is used as an inductor of the activity, and under the premise that the practical capacity cannot be equal to the theoretical capacity, the present study is developed, with the objective of proposing a costing based on time spent per activity (TDABC), for a tomography service; through an inductive, descriptive, cross-sectional study, using observation and data analysis, the study was carried out in collaboration and coordination with the financial area and the staff of the tomography area. The results incorporate the analysis of procedures and sub-procedures, activities and comparisons, as well as the results of the costing through the TDABC, as is the case of a service in which 38 minutes are invested for processing and attention, according to the TDABC method, the cost of the service would be S/ 597.47.

Resumo Através do sistema de custeio baseado no tempo investido por atividade e na alocação de custos, o tempo é utilizado como indutor da atividade, e sob a premissa de que a capacidade prática não pode ser igual à capacidade teórica, este estudo é desenvolvido, com o objetivo de propor um custeio baseado no tempo investido por atividade (TDABC), para o serviço de tomografia, por meio de um estudo indutivo, descritivo, transversal, usando observação e análise de dados, o estudo foi realizado em colaboração e coordenação com a área financeira e equipe da área de tomografia. Os resultados incorporam a análise de procedimentos e subprocedimentos, atividades e comparações, bem como os resultados do custeio por meio do TDABC, como é o caso de um serviço em que são investidos 38 minutos para processamento e atenção, segundo o método TDABC, o custo do serviço seria de S/ 597,47.

Resumen A través del costeo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad y de la asignación de costos se utiliza el tiempo como inductor de la actividad, y bajo la premisa de que la capacidad práctica no puede ser igual a la capacidad teórica, se desarrolla el presente estudio, con el objetivo de proponer un costeo basado en el tiempo invertido por actividad (TDABC), para un servicio de tomografía; a través de un estudio inductivo, descriptivo, de corte transeccional, utilizando la observación y el análisis de datos, el estudio se realizó en colaboración y coordinación con el área financiera y el personal del área de tomografía. Los resultados incorporan los análisis de procedimientos y sub procedimientos, actividades y comparaciones, así como los resultados del costeo a través del TDABC, como es el caso de un servicio en el que se invierte 38 minutos para su procesamiento y atención, de acuerdo al TDABC, el costo del servicio sería de S/ 597.47.

Résumé Á travers le chiffrage basé sur le temps investi par activité et la répartition des coûts, le temps est utilisé comme inducteur de l'activité, et sous le postulat que la capacité pratique ne peut être égale à la capacité théorique, la présente étude est développée. L'objectif de proposer une tarification au temps passé par activité (TDABC), pour une prestation de tomographie; Par le biais d'une étude inductive, descriptive, transversale, utilisant l'observation et l'analyse des données, l'étude a été réalisée en collaboration et en coordination avec le domaine financier et le personnel du domaine de la tomographie. Les résultats intègrent l'analyse des procédures et des sous-procédures, des activités et des comparaisons, ainsi que les résultats du chiffrage via le TDABC, comme c'est le cas d'un service dans lequel 38 minutes sont investies pour le traitement et l'attention, selon le TDABC., le coût du service serait de S/ 597,47.

Resumen Gestionar los procesos logísticos resulta esencial para cualquier organización, porque su correcto control y gestión optimizarán sus procesos evitando gastos innecesarios, incrementando la productividad y calidad ofrecida al usuario del servicio, por lo cual, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar en qué medida se relaciona la gestión logística y la calidad del servicio interno en el área logística del Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas, en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. El tipo de investigación fue básica de enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental, de corte transversal y de nivel descriptivo y correlacional. El resultado fue un valor de (r=0,282, p=0.001) para la gestión logística y calidad de servicio; (r=0,245, p=0.005) para aprovisionamiento y calidad de servicio; (r=0,270, p=0.002) para producción y calidad de servicio; (r=0,274, p=0.001) para distribución y calidad de servicio. Se concluye que existe una relación lineal, baja y directa entre las variables de estudio, por lo que, a mayor rango de una, mayor crecimiento de la otra variable. Se recomienda promover la sistematización de la gestión logística a fin de asegurar la calidad del servicio.

Abstract Managing logistic processes is essential for any organization, because their correct control and management will optimize its processes avoiding unnecessary expenses, increasing productivity and quality offered to the user of the service, therefore, the objective of this study was to determine to what extent the logistic management and the quality of the internal service in the logistic area of the National Institute of Neurological Sciences, in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, are related. The type of research was basic with a quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational. The result was a value of (r=0.282, p=0.001) for logistics management and service quality; (r=0.245, p=0.005) for procurement and service quality; (r=0.270, p=0.002) for production and service quality; (r=0.274, p=0.001) for distribution and service quality. It is concluded that there is a linear, low and direct relationship between the variables under study; therefore, the higher the rank of one, the higher the growth of the other variable. It is recommended to promote the systematization of logistics management in order to ensure service quality.

ABSTRACT Purpose To evaluate the influence of bioactive glass and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in calvarial bone repair process in rats submitted to zoledronic acid therapy. Methods Twenty-four rats were selected and treated with the dose of 0.035 mg/kg of zoledronic acid every two weeks, totalizing eight weeks, to induce osteonecrosis. After the drug therapy, surgical procedure was performed to create 5-mm diameter parietal bone defects in the calvarial region. The rats were then randomly assigned to groups according to the following treatments: AZC: control group, treated with blood clot; AZBIO: bone defect filled with bioactive glass; AZL: treated with blood clot and submitted to PBMT; and AZBIOL: treated with bioactive glass S53P4 and submitted to PBMT. Tissue samples were collected and submitted to histomorphometric analysis after 14 and 28 days. Results At 14 days, bone neoformation in the AZBIO (52.15 ± 9.77) and AZBIOL (49.77 ± 13.58) groups presented higher values (p ≤ 0.001) compared to the AZC (23.35 ± 10.15) and AZL groups (23.32 ± 8.75). At 28 days, AZBIO (80.24 ± 5.41)still presented significant higher bone recovery values when compared to AZC (59.59 ± 16.92)and AZL (45.25 ± 5.41) groups (p = 0.048). In the 28-day period, the AZBIOL group didn’t show statistically significant difference with the other groups (71.79 ± 29.38). Conclusions The bioactive glass is an effective protocol to stimulate bone neoformation in critical defects surgically created in rats with drug induced osteonecrosis, in the studied periods of 14 and 28 days.

Abstract The objective of this research was to characterize the Colombian demand based on the consumption of tourism products and services, assessment, satisfaction and positioning that the Planning Zone 1 and the province of Pichincha of Ecuador occupy. The methodology is based on an exploratory factor analysis and then a classification based on a mixed algorithm: hierarchical classification with Ward's method and aggregation around mobile centers (K-means). A questionnaire survey was applied to 484 Colombians, in the Rumichaca International Bridge, the main border crossing between the nations of Ecuador and Colombia. The results of the demand segmentation study based on the most relevant tourist motivations show the existence of three tourist segments: cultural, nature and family tourism, with different value profiles. It is concluded that segmentation provides relevant information to improve the quality of tourism products and services; which allows projecting marketing strategies that help achieve a better tourist positioning of Planning Zone 1 and the province of Pichincha in Ecuador, in correspondence with the profiles of Colombian tourists and the target market.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar la demanda colombiana en función del consumo de productos y servicios turísticos, valoración, satisfacción y posicionamiento que ocupa la Zona de Planificación 1 y la provincia de Pichincha de Ecuador. La metodología parte de un análisis factorial exploratorio y luego una clasificación basada en un algoritmo mixto: clasificación jerárquica con el método de Ward y agregación alrededor de centros móviles (K-medias), se realizó una encuesta por cuestionario aplicada a 484 colombianos, en el puente internacional de Rumichaca, principal paso fronterizo entre las naciones de Ecuador y Colombia. Los resultados del estudio de segmentación de la demanda en función de las motivaciones turísticas más relevantes, muestra la existencia de tres segmentos turísticos: turismo cultural, de naturaleza, y familiar, con perfiles valorativos diferentes. Se concluye que la segmentación brinda información relevante para mejorar la calidad en los productos y servicios turísticos; lo que permite proyectar estrategias de marketing que ayuden alcanzar un mejor posicionamiento turístico de la Zona de Planificación 1 y la provincia de Pichincha de Ecuador, en correspondencia con los perfiles de turistas colombianos y el mercado objetivo.

Abstract Unplanned urban growth causes a negative result to the environment, due to the occupation of high-risk areas as habitat for people, settling in unsuitable and even worse regulated places. Most of the Ecuadorian territory is threatened by the action of natural and anthropic events that cause human, economic and social losses. This article presents advances in the results of the investigation of areas suitable for human settlements in the city of Portoviejo, where it is possible to determine settlements in risk areas of the city, by means of geographic information systems, based on the digitization of the stain on satellite images and the crossing with thematic cartography on risks, thus mapping the sites with human settlements that are most vulnerable to possible catastrophic events. It was identified that for the year 2017 the settlements occupied an area of 3150 ha, of which 15,35 ha are located on protected areas, 427,69 ha present a high threat of flooding and 2 ha are located in areas of medium threat to landslides.

Resumen La mayor parte del territorio ecuatoriano está amenazado por la acción de los eventos naturales y antrópicos, causantes de pérdidas humanas, económicas y sociales, incrementadas con el crecimiento urbano no planificado, por la ocupación de zonas de alto riesgo como hábitat para las personas, asentadas en lugares no adecuados y aún regulados. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo determinar los asentamientos humanos a partir de la digitalización de la mancha urbana sobre imágenes de satélite del año 2017, que se encuentran en zonas susceptibles a riesgos por inundación y deslizamiento en la ciudad de Portoviejo, y determinar los asentamientos que están dentro de las áreas protegidas. Se determinaron asentamientos en zonas de riesgo de la ciudad, mediante sistemas de información geográfica, a partir de la digitalización de la mancha urbana sobre imágenes de satélite y el cruce con cartografía temática sobre riesgos, mapeando los sitios con asentamientos humanos de mayor vulnerabilidad ante posibles eventos catastróficos. Se identificó que en el año 2017 los asentamientos ocupaban un área de 3150 ha, de ellas 15,35 ha se encontraban sobre áreas protegidas, con alta amenaza de inundación en 427,69 ha, y 2 ha se localizan en zonas de amenaza media a deslizamientos.

RESUMEN El propósito del presente trabajo es exponer los resultados de un estudio de contaminación sonora en los predios de la Universidad San Gregorio de Portoviejo, que no cuenta con investigaciones referentes a esta problemática ambiental. Para este análisis se tomó una muestra que abarca a los estudiantes de los últimos niveles de formación académica, docentes y empleados de la institución, mismos que estuvieron sometidos a estudios durante las horas de mayor concentración de vehículos y personal (principales generadores de ruido), además, se constató que existe desconocimiento sobre las normativas legales referentes a la contaminación sonora, y de cuáles son los límites permisibles, en general sobre todo en los centros de enseñanza.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to present the results of a sound pollution study on the premises of the San Gregorio de Portoviejo University, which does not have research related to this environmental problem. For this analysis, a sample was taken that includes the students of the last levels of academic training, teachers and employees of the institution, who were subjected to studies during the hours with the highest concentration of vehicles and personnel (main noise generators), In addition, it was found that there is ignorance about the legal regulations regarding sound pollution, and what are the permissible limits, in general, especially in educational centers.

RESUMO O sorriso gengival, é uma das grandes queixas dos pacientes, devido a sua influência na auto estima do mesmo. Sua causa é multifatorial, podendo estar presente no excesso de crescimento vertical da maxila, contração labial excessiva, lábio superior curto e extrusão dos dentes anteriores. A aplicação da toxina botulínica pode ser associada a outros tratamentos ou isoladamente, de acordo com a necessidade de cada paciente. O objetivo desse trabalho foi apresentar um caso clinico utilizando a toxina botulínica tipo A como uma alternativa terapêutica para a correção do sorriso gengival. Paciente, 22 anos, apresentando crescimento vertical da maxila, relatando desconforto estético ao sorrir, optou pela alternativa terapêutica, com a aplicação da toxina botulínica para correção da exposição gengival acentuada. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a toxina é um tratamento satisfatório e sua indicação é considerada um tratamento rápido, eficaz, fácil e seguro. Um método mais conservador quando comparado aos procedimentos cirúrgicos.

ABSTRACT Gummy smile is one of the major complaints of patients, due to its influence on the self-esteem. It is known that it has a multifactorial cause and can be present in the excessive vertical growth of the maxilla, excessive labial contraction, short upper lip and extrusion of the anterior teeth. The use of the botulinum toxin can be associated with additional treatments or be applied individually, according to the need of each patient. The goal of this research study was to present a clinical case using botulinum toxin type A as an alternative therapy to correct the gummy smile. A 22-year-old patient, presenting vertical maxillary growth, reporting aesthetic discomfort while smiling, chose for an alternative treatment therapy with the application of botulinum toxin to correct the accentuated gingival display. The results show that the toxin is a satisfactory treatment option and its indication is considered a fast, effective, easy and safe treatment method, being a more conservative approach compared to surgical procedures.

Introdução: Alterações no autoconceito têm sido consideradas como tendo um papel crucial na etiologia das perturbações do comportamento alimentar (PCA). Neste estudo, avaliámos os níveis de autoconceito e severidade do comportamento alimentar perturbado numa população clínica de adolescentes com perturbações do comportamento alimentar e estudamos suas correlações. Métodos: Uma amostra (n = 50) de pacientes dum Serviço de Psiquiatria da Adolescência preencheu duas escalas de auto-relato validadas: a Piers-Harris Children´s Self-concept Scale (PHCSCS) e o Eating Disorder Examination - Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Os dados antropométricos também foram recolhidos. Resultados: O autoconceito total teve uma correlação negativa com a gravidade da doença [EDE-Q total (rs= -0,48)], bem como com as quatro subescalas da EDE-Q [Restrição (rs= -0,30); Preocupação com o Peso (rs= -0,44); Preocupação com a forma (rs= -0,56); e Preocupação com a Comida (rs= -0,40)]. Quatro das subescalas PHCSCS mostraram correlação negativa com a gravidade da doença [Aspeto Comportamental (rs= -0,39); Ansiedade (rs= -0,56); Popularidade (rs= -0,43) e Satisfação e Felicidade (SF) (rs= -0,39)]. Em seguida, a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: Compulsivo / Purgativo [5 Bulimia Nervosa (BN) + 3 Perturbação da Alimentação e da Ingestão Não Especificada (PAINE) com critérios insuficientes para BN] e Restritivo (38 Anorexia Nervosa + 4 PAINE com critérios insuficientes para AN). O grupo Compulsivo / Purgativo apresentou menor Autoconceito do que o grupo Restritivo (p <0,05). Este primeiro grupo apresentou também valores mais baixos do que o grupo Restritivo em todas as subescalas do PHCSCS, mas com significância estatística somente no Estatuto Intelectual e SF. Também apresentou maior gravidade da doença (p <0,05), com valores mais altos nas quatro subescalas do EDE-Q, mas com significância estatística somente em Preocupação com o Peso (p <0,05). Conclusões: Estes resultados estão de acordo com a literatura de que o autoconceito está alterado na PCA. No nosso estudo, relatamos uma relação inversa entre o autoconceito e os comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais. O grupo Compulsivo/Purgativo relatou um autoconceito inferior e uma maior gravidade da patologia do comportamento alimentar, mas não houve diferenças clínicas entre os dois grupos. Esse achado pode ser explicado pela menor consciência mórbida do grupo Restritivo.

Introduction: Changes in self-concept have been considered to play a crucial role in the etiology of eating disorders. In this study, we evaluate the levels of self-concept and severity of the disturbed eating behavior in a clinical population of adolescents with Eating Disorders (ED) and study their correlations. Method: A sample of 50 patients of an Adolescent Psychiatric Service completed two validated self-report scales: the Piers-Harris Children’s Self-concept Scale (PHCSCS) and the Eating Disorder Examination - Questionnaire (EDE-Q). Anthropometric data were also collected. Results: Total self-concept had a negative correlation with disease severity [total EDE-Q (rs= -0.48)], as well as with four subscales of the EDE-Q [Dietary Restraint (rs =-0.30); Weight Concern (rs=-0.44); Shape Concern (rs=-0.56); and Eating Concern (rs=-0.40)]. Four of the PHCSCS subscales showed a negative correlation with the severity of the disease [Behavioral Adjustment (rs=-0.39); Freedom from Anxiety (rs=-0.56); Popularity (PO) (rs=-0.43) and Happiness and Satisfactions (HS) (rs=-0.39)]. Then the sample was divided into two groups: Compulsive / Purgative [5 Bulimia Nervosa (BN) + 3 Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorder (UFED) with insufficient criteria for BN] and Restrictive (38 Anorexia Nervosa + 4 UFED with insufficient criteria for AN). The Compulsive / Purgative group had lower Self-concept than the Restrictive group (p <0.05). This first group also presented lower values than the Restrictive group in all subscales of the PHCSCS, but with statistical significance only in the Intellectual and School Status and HS. It also presented higher disease severity (p <0.05), with higher values in all four EDE-Q subscales, but with statistical significance only in Weight Concern (p <0.05). Conclusions: These results are in agreement with the literature that the Self-concept is altered in ED. In our study, we report an inverse correlation between self-concept and dysfunctional eating behaviors. The Compulsive/Purgative group reported a lower self-concept and greater severity of the eating behavior pathology, but there were no clinical differences between the two groups. This finding may be explained by the lower morbidity awareness of the Restrictive group.

This study reviews the advances on the knowledge of the dinoflagellates with the application of the molecular phylogeny. Most of the available sequences correspond to the genes that codify the small and large subunits of the ribosomal RNA (SSU and LSU rDNA, respectively). The LSU rDNA marker, with several highly variable domains, has been pref-erentially used for the species separation, while the SSU rDNA marker is more useful for the separation at the genus level or to establish clades that may correspond to family ranks. These markers are unable to solve the interrelations between the classical orders, and the available sequences of other markers are still insufficient. Peridiniales, Gymnodiniales and Blastodiniales are polyphyletic, and Prorocentrales and Gonyaulacales (Crypthecodinium, Thecadinium) are matter of debate. The clades of Gymnodiniales branched between clades of thecate dinoflagellates, although in no case armoured and unarmoured species branched in the same clade. In comparison with the type of habitat, nutrition or general appearance (i.e. Blepharocysta-Roscoffia), the differences in the tabulation are, in most of cases, supported by the molecular data. Unfortunately, the collection and preservation methods render our knowledge of a great portion of the dinoflagellate diversity, in particular small naked forms and delicate species, as well as parasites or symbionts in marine invertebrates or protists. Sequences are lacking of numerous of the known genera, clades exclusively composed of environmental sequences have not been yet characterized, and extensive ocean regions, especially the deep and bottom ocean, remain nearly unexplored.

Este estudio revisa los avances en el conocimiento de los dinoflagelados con la aplicación de la filogenia molecular. La mayor parte de las secuencias disponibles corresponden a los genes que codifican los ARNs de la subunidades pequeña y grande del ribosoma (SSU y LSU rADN, respectivamente). El marcador LSU rADN, con una mayor variabilidad de algunos dominios, ha sido especialmente usado en la diferenciación de especies, mientras que el gen SSU rADN es más resolutivo para la comparación entre géneros y la delimitación de clados que equivaldrían a las familias. Estos marcadores no permiten resolver la relación entre los órdenes clásicos y el número de secuencias disponibles de otros marcadores es aún insuficiente. Peridiniales, Gymnodiniales y Blastodiniales son claramente polifiléticos y la discusión continúa en el caso de Prorocentrales y Gonyaulacales (Crypthecodinium, Thecadinium). Gymnodiniales es polifilético, pero en ningún caso las especies tecadas y atecadas aparecen en el mismo clado. Las diferencias en la tabulación suelen estar apoyadas por la filogenia molecular, mucho más que las diferencias en el hábitat, nutrición o apariencia general (i.e. Blepharocysta-Roscoffia). Los métodos habitualmente usados para la captura y la preservación del fitoplancton dejan detrás a una gran parte de la diversidad de dinoflagelados, en particular especies desnudas de pequeño tamaño y especies delicadas, así como multitud de especies parásitas o simbiontes de invertebrados o protistas planctónicos. Faltan secuencias representativas de numerosos géneros conocidos, muchas de las secuencias ambientales permanecen sin caracterización morfológica ni funcional, y amplias regiones oceánicas, especialmente aguas profundas y fondos oceánicos, permanecen casi inexplorados.